• Abnormal fragile blood vessels (vascular deformity) in the gastrointestinal tract frequently found in the colon
• Higher risk of bleeding and iron deficiency anemia.

• There is a debated connection between Angiodysplasia and aortic stenosis.

• Commonly observed in elderly individuals.

• The exact cause is not well understood.

• Age-related degenerative changes in blood vessels.

• Blood vessel fragility is believed to contribute.

• Advanced age
• Chronic kidney disease
• Underlying conditions: Von Willebrand disease

• Dilation and tortuosity of blood vessels in the gastrointestinal mucosa
• Formation of fragile vascular lesions

• Diverticulosis
• Colorectal cancer
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Arteriovenous malformations

• The prevalence of Angiodysplasia rises with age.

• Individuals over 60 years old have a higher incidence.

• Intermittent painless bleeding.

• Bright red blood in stool
• Melena (black tarry stools)

• Colonoscopy: Investigates lower gastrointestinal bleeding, allows direct visualization of the colon and rectum, helps identify the source of bleeding
• Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD): Evaluates upper gastrointestinal bleeding, involves examining the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, aids in locating the bleeding site

• Mesenteric angiography: Performed during acute bleeding, helps identify the source within the mesenteric vessels
• An interventional radiology technique for assessment and potential treatment

• Essential for identifying the location and cause of gastrointestinal bleeding
• Enable appropriate treatment and management decisions

• Thermal coagulation
• Argon plasma coagulation: Used to seal bleeding vessels

• Surgical Intervention: Reserved for severe cases

• Antifibrinolytics: e.g., Tranexamic acid
• Oestrogens

• Generally favorable

• Recurrent bleeding
• Anemia
• Rarely severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage: May necessitate blood transfusion; surgical intervention might be required