Subarachnoid haematoma

Introduction to Subarachnoid haematoma

Welcome to the Subarachnoid haematoma subsection of the Neurology for the MSRA course.

This section is designed to provide comprehensive and structured learning materials to help you understand and master the topic of Subarachnoid haematoma for the MSRA.

Resources for Subarachnoid haematoma:

  1. Subarachnoid haematoma Revision Notes for MSRA: Detailed and concise traditional revision notes covering all essential aspects of Subarachnoid haematoma, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. These notes are designed using UK NICE guidelines. Use the notes to gain an initial understanding of the topic.
  2. Subarachnoid haematoma Flashcards for MSRA: Interactive flashcards to help you memorise key facts and concepts about Subarachnoid haematoma. These are perfect for quick reviews and reinforcing your knowledge.
  3. Subarachnoid haematoma Accordion Q&A Notes for the MSRA: A unique feature where you can test your understanding of Subarachnoid haematoma with question-and-answer style revision notes. This format helps in active learning and retention of important information.
  4. Subarachnoid haematoma Rapid Fire Quiz for MSRA: A short quiz to test your knowledge and recall of Subarachnoid haematoma-related concepts. This is an excellent way to assess your progress and identify areas that need further review.

We hope you find these resources helpful and engaging as you prepare for the MSRA.

Key Points about Subarachnoid haematoma

  • Definition: A subarachnoid haematoma (or subarachnoid haemorrhage, SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space, usually caused by a ruptured aneurysm, leading to increased intracranial pressure and potential brain damage.
  • Causes:
    • Ruptured cerebral aneurysm (most common).
    • Trauma.
    • Arteriovenous malformations.
  • Symptoms:
    • Sudden, severe “thunderclap” headache (often described as the worst headache of the patient’s life).
    • Nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, and photophobia.
    • Altered consciousness or neurological deficits (e.g., weakness, aphasia).
  • Investigations:
    • CT scan to detect blood in the subarachnoid space.
    • Lumbar puncture if the CT scan is negative but clinical suspicion is high (e.g., to check for xanthochromia).
    • CT angiography to identify the source of bleeding (e.g., aneurysm or vascular malformation).
  • Management:
    • Immediate hospital admission and neurological monitoring.
    • Surgical intervention, such as clipping or coiling of the aneurysm.
    • Blood pressure management to prevent rebleeding.
    • Calcium channel blockers (e.g., nimodipine) to reduce the risk of vasospasm.
  • Complications:
    • Rebleeding within the first 24 hours.
    • Cerebral vasospasm leading to delayed ischaemia.
    • Hydrocephalus due to blood blocking cerebrospinal fluid pathways.

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Free MSRA Podcast: Subarachnoid haematoma

https://open.spotify.com/episode/4cEjcY6Irx97R1mQjKtwOW?si=AtFjaAYCQcaGvtuJZPI5SQ