Polycythaemia vera
Introduction to Polycythaemia vera
Welcome to the Polycythaemia vera subsection of the Haematology for the MSRA course.
This section is designed to provide comprehensive and structured learning materials to help you understand and master the topic of Polycythaemia vera for the MSRA.
Resources for Polycythaemia vera:
- Polycythaemia vera Revision Notes for MSRA: Detailed and concise traditional revision notes covering all essential aspects of Polycythaemia vera, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. These notes are designed using UK NICE guidelines. Use the notes to gain an initial understanding of the topic.
- Polycythaemia vera Flashcards for MSRA: Interactive flashcards to help you memorise key facts and concepts about Polycythaemia vera. These are perfect for quick reviews and reinforcing your knowledge.
- Polycythaemia vera Accordion Q&A Notes for the MSRA: A unique feature where you can test your understanding of Polycythaemia vera with question-and-answer style revision notes. This format helps in active learning and retention of important information.
- Polycythaemia vera Rapid Fire Quiz for MSRA: A short quiz to test your knowledge and recall of Polycythaemia vera-related concepts. This is an excellent way to assess your progress and identify areas that need further review.
We hope you find these resources helpful and engaging as you prepare for the MSRA.
Key Points about Polycythaemia vera
- Definition: Polycythaemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder characterised by an increase in red blood cell mass due to uncontrolled production in the bone marrow.
- Causes:
- Mutation in the JAK2 gene (found in over 95% of cases).
- Primary cause: intrinsic bone marrow disorder.
- Secondary causes may include hypoxia, tumors, or other conditions increasing erythropoietin production (though rare in Polycythaemia vera).
- Symptoms:
- Headaches, dizziness, and visual disturbances.
- Itchiness (pruritus), especially after a hot bath.
- Splenomegaly and early satiety.
- Increased risk of thrombosis (e.g., deep vein thrombosis or stroke).
- Investigations:
- Full blood count showing elevated haemoglobin and haematocrit.
- JAK2 mutation testing.
- Bone marrow biopsy may show hypercellularity with increased red cell precursors.
- Management:
- Regular venesection (phlebotomy) to reduce haematocrit and prevent thrombosis.
- Low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of clotting.
- Cytoreductive therapy (e.g., hydroxycarbamide) in high-risk patients.
- Complications:
- Thrombosis (major cause of morbidity and mortality).
- Transformation to myelofibrosis or acute leukaemia.
- Haemorrhage due to platelet dysfunction.
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