Temporal arteritis
Introduction to Temporal arteritis
Welcome to the Temporal arteritis subsection of the ENT for the MSRA course.
This section is designed to provide comprehensive and structured learning materials to help you understand and master the topic of Temporal arteritis for the MSRA.
Resources for Temporal arteritis:
- Temporal arteritis Revision Notes for MSRA: Detailed and concise traditional revision notes covering all essential aspects of Temporal arteritis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. These notes are based on UK NICE guidelines and formatted in tables for easy recall.
- Temporal arteritis Flashcards for MSRA: Interactive flashcards to help you memorise key facts and concepts about Temporal arteritis. These are perfect for quick reviews and reinforcing your knowledge.
- Temporal arteritis Accordion Q&A Notes for the MSRA: Engage in active learning with question-and-answer style revision notes in the accordion format. This is useful for testing your understanding of Temporal arteritis and focusing on areas needing improvement.
- Temporal arteritis Rapid Fire Quiz for MSRA: A short quiz to test your knowledge and recall of Temporal arteritis-related concepts. It’s an excellent way to assess your progress and pinpoint areas for further review.
We hope you find these resources helpful and engaging as you prepare for the MSRA.
Key Points about Temporal arteritis
- Definition: Temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis (GCA), is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the large and medium arteries of the head, particularly the temporal arteries, and can lead to serious complications like blindness if untreated.
- Causes:
- Unknown exact cause, but thought to be autoimmune-related.
- More common in individuals over the age of 50, especially females.
- Strong association with polymyalgia rheumatica.
- Symptoms:
- Headache, typically located over the temples.
- Scalp tenderness and jaw claudication (pain when chewing).
- Sudden visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or vision loss.
- General symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and fever.
- Investigations:
- Clinical assessment: Based on characteristic symptoms like headache and scalp tenderness.
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP): Raised inflammatory markers.
- Temporal artery biopsy: Definitive diagnostic test showing inflammation in the arterial wall.
- Ultrasound of the temporal arteries: May show signs of arterial inflammation or stenosis.
- Management:
- High-dose corticosteroids: Immediate treatment to prevent complications such as blindness, typically prednisolone.
- Long-term corticosteroid therapy: Gradual tapering over months to years, with monitoring for relapse.
- Adjunct therapy: Bone protection with calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates due to long-term steroid use.
- Tocilizumab: A biological therapy used in refractory or relapsing cases of GCA.
- Complications:
- Permanent vision loss due to ischemic optic neuropathy.
- Aortic aneurysms and dissections.
- Stroke or other vascular complications if larger arteries are involved.
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